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An Exaggerated Immune Response to Allergens
Anaphylaxis is a severe immune reaction triggered by specific allergens, which can include:
It may affect individuals with known allergies or those encountering an unknown allergen for the first time. Anaphylaxis develops rapidly and can lead to life-threatening airway blockages, including bronchospasm and wheezing. It often presents with facial rashes, facial swelling, bronchoconstriction, and low blood pressure, and in some cases, it progresses swiftly to cardiac arrest. Individuals with pre-existing asthma face a higher risk of fatal anaphylactic reactions.
Swift Action and Key Medications
The primary medication for anaphylaxis treatment is adrenaline, which acts by:
Adrenaline is most effective when administered promptly, potentially preventing cardiac arrest. Common symptoms of anaphylaxis include a generalized rash, itching, swollen lips, tongue, and eyes, along with breathlessness, wheezing, fainting, abdominal pains, nausea, and vomiting. Signs may include reduced peak expiratory flow, hypoxaemia, and hypertension.
Managing Anaphylaxis
To address anaphylaxis: